HUMAN PERFORMANCE – Air – DGCA Question Bank For Politics

#1. The atmosphere contains the following gases:

78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.03% carbon dioxide, rest rare gases

78% helium, 21% oxygen, 0.03% carbon dioxide, rest: rare gases

78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% carbon monoxide, rest: rare gases

#2. The volume percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere is 21% which

Is constant for all altitudes conventional airplanes can reach

Decreases with increasing altitude

Increases with increasing altitude

#3. Oxygen, combined with hemoglobin in blood is transported by

Platelets

Red blood cells

White blood cells

#4. One of the most dangerous symptoms of hypoxia concerning flight safety is:

Hyperventilation, causing emotional stress

Impaired judgement, disabling the pilot to recognize the symptoms

Reduced coordination of limb movements, causing the pilot to spin

#5. One of the most frequent symptom(s) of decompression sickness emerging after a decompression in airline operation

Are the bends

Is a shock

Are neurological damages to the CNS

#6. The cabin pressure in airline operation is

Normally not exceeding 4000 to 5000feet

Normally not exceeding 2000 to 3000feet

Normally not exceeding 6000 to 8000feet

#7. What is the Time of Useful Consciousness?

The length of time during which an individual can act with both mental and physical efficiency and alertness, measured from the moment at which he loses his available oxygen supply

The time taken to become aware of hypoxia due to gradual decompression

The period of time between the start of hypoxia and the moment that the pilot becomes aware of it

#8. You can overcome hyperventilation by breathing into a plastic or paper bag. The intention is:

To reduce blood pressure

To increase the amount of nitrogen in the lung

To raise the level of CO2 in the blood as fast as possible

#9. Which phenomenon is common to hypoxia and hyperventilation?

Severe headache

Tingling sensations in arms or legs

Cyanosis (blueing or lips and finger-nails)

#10. The risk of a barotrauma of the middle ear is more likely to occur

With colds and slow ascents

With colds and rapid descents

With colds and fast climbs

#11. The purpose of cabin pressurisation system is:

B and C are correct.

Reduce gastrointestinal-trapped gas-, middle ear-and sinus-problems.

To allow the crew and passengers to move about freely in a comfortable environment, unencumbered by oxygen masks or other life support equipment.

#12. Flickering light when reflected from spinning rotor blades

Can be neglected

Can cause spatial disorientation and/or nausea, when looked at for a longer period of time

Should be avoided, because it may destroy the optical nerve

#13. Presbyopia is:

Far sightedness linked with age

Short sightedness

Myopia

#14. Scanning at night should be performed by:

Scanning with one eye open

Slight eye movement to the side of the object

Concentrated fixation on an object (image must fall on the fovea centralis)

#15. A pilot approaching a runway which is narrower than normal may feel he is at a greater height than he actually is. To compensate he may fly a

Flatter than normal approach with the tendency to undershoot

Higher than normal approach with the tendency to overshoot

Compensatory glide path and stall out

#16. Spatial disorientation will be most likely to occur during flight:

When flying in and out of clouds and the pilot maintains good instrument cross check

When flying in light rain below the ceiling

If the brain receives conflicting informations and the pilot does not believe the instruments

#17. Hypoxia will effect night vision:

At 500 ft.

Less than day vision

And causes the autokinetic phenomena.

#18. What is meant by the term incapacitation?

When situational awareness of the crew is too low

The effect of gastro - intestinal upset.

The gradual or sudden loss of a crew members ability to function.

#19. In the short-term-memory, information is stored for approximately

20 seconds

a couple of days

1 hour

#20. Concerning the relation between performance and stress, which of the following statement(s) is (are) correct?

Domestic stress will not affect the pilot's performance because he is able to leave this type of stress on the ground

A moderate level of stress may improve performance

A student will learn faster and better under severe stress

#21. The main preoccupation in modern airline operations should be:

Efficient utilisation of resources.

Maximum utilisation of resources

Safety

#22. The elements of the SHEL model are:

Software, hardware, electronics and livewire.

Shareware, hardware, education and limitations

Software, hardware, environment and liveware

#23. The rate and depth of breathing is primary regulated by the concentration of:

water vapour in the alveoli

oxygen in the cells

carbon dioxide in the blood

#24. Pulse rate is influenced by the following factors: 1. Adrenalin 2. Cortisol 3. Physical exercise.

1,3 are correct, 2 is false

1,2,3 are correct

2,3 and correct, 1 is false

#25. Which of the following statements is true?

People are capable of living without stress

Stressors accumulate thus increasing the likelihood to exhaustion.

Stressors are independent from each other

#26. Motor programmes are:

rules that enable us to deal with preconceived situations

stored routines that enable patterns of behaviour to be executed only under continuous conscious control

stored routines that enable patterns of behaviour to be executed without continuous conscious control

#27. What optimlses crew co-operation? 1. Sharing and common task 2. Confidence in each others capability 3. Precise definition of functions associated with each crew members role

1,2

2,3

1,2,3

#28. What should a pilot do to keep his night vision (scotopic vision)?

Select meals with high contents of vitamin B and C

Not smoke before start and during flight and avoid flash blindness

Wait at least 60 minutes to night-adapt before he takes off

#29. Between which components is an interface mismatch causing stress due to poor cockpit design, thus leading to reduced human performance?

Liveware - Software

Liveware - Liveware

Liveware - Hardware

#30. Which of the following sentences concerning crew performance is correct?

Mistakes can always be detected and corrected by the individual, hence too much practice is not needed.

The quality of crew-performance is not dependent on the arousal level of the individual.

The quality of crew-performance depends on the practice done to improv reliability.

#31. Pilots are more easily inclined to make mistakes when:

making decisions independently of others

they are not constrained by time

they are not able to assess and control the risks involved in a situation

#32. Low levels of arousal are:

good on final approach

not good on final approach

good for general flying

#33. The amount of light which strikes the retina is controlled by:

the cornea

the lens

the pupil

#34. Which of the following statements in regard to motivation is correct?

Too much motivation may result in hypo vigilance and thus in a decrease in attention

Motivation will reduce the task automation process hence performance will degrade

The learning process is vastly improved with motivation

#35. Five hours after a rapid decompression at FL 320 you experience pain in the Joints. Which of following answers is correct?

This symptom indicates decompression sickness and will disappear with in 24 hours.

This phenomenon is treated by breathing 100% oxygen under pressure.

You should ask for medical advice (flight surgeon) since this is a symptom of decompression sickness.

#36. A high degree of cockpit automation may alter the traditional tasks of the pilots in a way, that

the crew always maintain situational awareness by being more alert.

the crew pays more attention to be always in loop.

the attention of the cockpit crew will become reduced with the consequence of 'being out of the loop'.

#37. Long-term memory is an essential component of the pilot's knowledge and expertise.

The information stored in long-term memory is always fresh and easy to retrieve.

It is desirable to pre-activate knowledge stored in long-term memory to have it available when required

The capacity of long-term memory is limited to a few weeks.

#38. The human information processing system is highly efficient compared to computers because of its

speed

working memory capacity

flexibility

#39. What are easily observable indications of stress?

Rising of the blood pressure, pupils narrowing, stabbing pain around the heart.

Perspiration, flushed skin, dilated pupils, fast breathing.

Faster, deep inhalation, stabbing pain around the heart.

#40. CRM (Crew Resource Management) training is:

intended to develop effectiveness of crew performance by improving attitudes towards flight safety and human relationship management.

not intended to change the individual's attitude towards other crew members.

intended to alter an individual's stress management capabilities

#41. As a result of automation in cockpits,

coordination between the members is facilitated by the provision of more precise and more important information

communication and coordination call for an even greater effort on the part of the crew members

man-man communication has been significantly improved

#42. Which statement is correct?

Oxygen diffusion from the lungs into the blood does not depend on partial oxygen pressure.

Oxygen diffusion from the blood into the cells depends on their partial oxygen pressure gradient.

The gradient of diffusion is higher at altitude than it is at sea level

#43. A pilot after pulling out of a steep dive, moves the control column instinctively and firmly forward may suffer a:

Grey out

Black out

Red out

#44. A pilot has flown an aircraft as a Captain for 1000 hrs. With what phase of motor programme he can be associated with?

Automatic

Cognitive

Associate

#45. Too low a workload can:

Degrade performance

Enhance arousal

Help plan future activities better

#46. In civil air transport, linear accelerations (Gx):- 1: do not exist; 2: have slight physiological consequences; 3: may, in the case of pull-out lead to loss of consciousness; 4: cause sensory illusions on the pitch axis

1,4

2

3,4

#47. Thinking on human reliability is changing.

Human errors can be avoided. All it takes is to be vigilant and to extend one's knowledge

It is thought that it will be possible to eliminate errors in the near future

Human errors are now considered as being inherent to the cognitive function of human and are generally inescapable

#48. Gases of physiological importance to man are:

oxygen and carbon dioxide

nitrogen and carbon dioxide

oxygen and carbon monoxide

#49. You can survive at any altitude, provided that

enough oxygen, pressure and heat is available

21% oxygen is available in the air your breath in

pressure respiration is guaranteed for that altitude

#50. Fatigue and permanent concentration

increase the tolerance to hypoxia

lower the tolerance to hypoxia

do not affect hypoxia at call

#51. An increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood leads to:

a decrease of acidity in the blood

a reduction of red blood cells

shortness of breath

#52. The total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the gases which compose the mixture corresponds to:

Henry's law

Dalton's law

Graham's law

#53. The barometric pressure has dropped to 1/2 of the pressure at sea level at

10 000 feet

18 000 feet

25 000 feet

#54. Boyles's law is directly applicable in case of:

the expansion of trapped gasses in the human body with increasing altitude

the occurance of decompression sickness at high altitude

hyperventilation with increasing altitude

#55. Dalton's law explains the occurance of:

bends

creeps

altitude hypoxia

#56. The respiratory process consists mainly of

the diffusion of oxygen through the respiratory membrances into the blood, transportation to the cells, diffusion into the cells and elimination of carbon dioxide from the body

the transportation of oxygen to the cell and the elimination of carbon monoxide

the transportation of oxygen to the cell and the elimination of nitrogen

#57. Carbon monoxide poisoning

occurs only above 15 degrees OAT

is more likely to occur in aeroplanes where the cabin heat is technically supplied by coating the exhaust

is more likely to occur in aeroplanes with twin-engines because of high engine efficiency

#58. In the following list you will several symptoms listed for hypoxia and carbon monoxide poisoning. Please mark those referring to carbon monoxide poisoning.

Muscular spasms, mental confusion, impairment of hearing.

High levels of arousal, increased error proneness, lack of accuracy.

Headache, increasing nausea, dizziness.

#59. A pilot, climbing in a non-pressurised aircraft and without used supplemental oxygen will pass the "critical threshold" at approximately:

16 000 ft

18 000 ft

22 000 ft

#60. Breathing 100% OXYGEN will list the pilot's physiological safe altitude to approximately:

38 000 ft

10 000 ft

22 000 ft

#61. The most dangerous symptoms of hypoxia at altitude are

breathlessness and reduced night vision

euphoria and impairment of judgement

hyperventilation

#62. To safely the crew with oxygen, at which altitude is it necessary to breathe 100% oxygen plus pressure after a rapid decompression?

Approximately 33 000 ft.

Approximately 38 000 ft.

Approximately 45 000 ft.

#63. When the pilot suffers from hypothermia (loss of cabin heating):

his oxygen need will not be affected

his oxygen need will be raised and his tolerance to hypoxia will be increased

his need for oxygen will be increased as long as he stays conscious

#64. "Tunnel vision" (loss of peripherical vision) can be observed if a pilot is subjected to more than:

+ 3.5 Gy

- 3.5 Gz

+ 3.5 Gz

#65. "Grey out" can be observed if a pilot is subjected to more than:

+ 3 Gz

- 3 Gz

+ 3 Gy

#66. How can a pilot increase his tolerance to +Gz?

Relax the muscles, ducking the head and lean upper body forward.

Tightening of muscles, ducking the head and perform a kind of pressure breathing

Take an upright seat position

#67. A passenger complains about a painful inflated belly at 8,000 feet. You advise him to: 1: unbuckle and massage the belly; 2: stand up and let go the gases out of the intestines; 3; eat less gas forming food and avoid carbonhydrated beverages before flight in the future; 4: drink a lot of water throughout the flight

1, 2 and 4 are correct

1, 2 and 3 are correct

1 and 3 not advisable

#68. In the pulmonary artery there is:

oxygen poor and carbon dioxide rich blood

oxygen poor and carbon dioxide poor blood

oxygen rich and carbon dioxide rich blood

#69. The transfer of carbon dioxide from the blood to the alveoli can be described by:

Boyles Law

Dalton's Law

the law of diffusion

#70. Some hours after a rapid decompression at FL 300 you experience pain in the joints. Which of following answers is correct?

This symptom indicates decompression sickness and will disappear when you take some exercise.

You should ask for medical advice since this is a symptom of decompression sickness.

This phenomenon is treated by breathing 100% nitrogen

#71. Which symptom does not belong to the following list:

leans

bends

chokes

#72. Which of the following statements is correct?

Hearing is the sense which collects most information in man

70% of information processed by man enters via the visual channel

40% of information processed by man enters via the visual channel

#73. Adaptation is

the adjustment of the crystalline lens to focus light on the retina

the change of the diameter of the pupil

the adjustment of the eyes to high or low levels of illumination

#74. Scanning at night should be performed by:

concentrated fixation on an object (image must fall on the fovea centralis)

slight eye movements to the side of the object

avoiding food containing Vitamin A

#75. To prevent the "autokinetic phenomena", the following can be done:

fixate the source of light, first with one eye, then with the other

look sideways to the source of light for better fixation

look out for additional references inside and/or outside the cockpit using peripheral vision also

#76. The time an eye needs to adapt fully to the dark is about:

30 minutes

7 minutes

15 minutes

#77. The part(s) of the eye responsible for night vision

are the cones and rods

is the cornea

are rods

#78. Empty field myopia is caused by:

atmospheric perspective

lack of distant focal points

flying over mountainous terrain

#79. The human ear is capable of perceiving vibrations between the frequencies

10 - 16 Hz

16 - 20,000 Hz

20,000 - 42, 000 Hz

#80. What is understood by air-sickness?

A sensory conflict within the vestibular system accompanied by nausea, vomiting and fear

An illness caused by evaporation of gases in the blood

An illness caused by an infection of the middle ear

#81. Approaches at night without visual references on the ground and no landing aids (e.g. VASIS) can make the pilot believe of being

lower than actual altitude with the risk of ducking under

lower than actual altitude with the risk of overshooting

higher than actual altitude with the risk of landing short (""ducking under"")

#82. Orientation in flight is accomplished by 1: eyes; 2: utriculus and sacculus; 3: semicircular canals; 4: Seat-of-the-pants-Sense

1,2,3 and 4 are false only 1 is correct

only 1 and 4 are correct

1,2,3 and 4 are correct

#83. What can a pilot do to avoid "Flicker vertigo" when flying in the clouds?

Switch strobe-lights off

Dim the cockpit lights to avoid reflections

Engage the autopilot until breaking the clouds

#84. During flight in IMC, the most reliable sense which should be used to overcome illusions is the:

"Seat-of-the-pants-Sense"

visual sense by looking outside

visual sense, interpreting the altitude indicator

#85. It is inadvisable to fly when suffering from a cold. The reason for this is:

the tissue around the nasal end of the Eustachian tube is likely to be swollen thus causing difficulty in equalising the pressure within the middle ear and the nasal/throat area. Pain and damage to the eardrum can result, particularly during fast descents

although the change in air pressure during a climb at lower altitudes is very small, it increases rapidly at high altitudes. If the tissue in the Eustachian tube of the ear is swollen, gentle descents at high altitude would result in damage to the ear drum

swollen tissue in the inner ear will increase the rate metabolic production resulting in hyperventilation

#86. The metabolisation of alcohol

is quicker when used to it

is a question of time

can be influenced by easy to get medication

#87. The first stage in the information process is

perception

the recognition of information

sensory stimulation

#88. Motor programmes are:

stored routines that enable patterns of behaviour to be executed without continuous conscious control

rules that enable us to deal with preconceived situations

stored routines that enable patterns of behaviour to be executed only under continuous conscious control

#89. Which of the following human error rates can be described as both realistic and pretty good, after methodical training

1 in 10 times

1 in 100 times

1 in 1000 times

#90. Acute stress quickly leads to

a decrease in the amount of resources mobilized to face the situation

a state over activation beyond the control of willpower

the mobilization of resources required to cope with the stressor

#91. In a complex task high levels of arousal

reduce failures

lead to better decision-making

narrows the span of attention

#92. If during flight a pilot is in a mental condition of "optimum arousal" he/she will be:

unprepared to handle a difficult situation

prepared best to cope with a difficult task

in a confused mental state

#93. Experiencing stress depends on:

the individual interpretation of the situation

the fragility of individuals to certain types of stimulation

the individual's state of tiredness

#94. What is the effect of tiredness on attention?

It increase the ability to manage multiple matters

It leads to one's attention being dispersed between different centres of interest

It reduces the ability to manage multiple matters

#95. In order to completely resynchronise with local time after zone crossing, circadian rhythms require

about one week per 2.5 hours of time shift

less time when flying from east to west

about one day per 2.5 hours of time shift

#96. During paradoxical sleep

rapid eye movements can be observed

the tone of the muscles is similar to that in the waking state

the rhythm of the heart is very regular

#97. The physiological rhythms of a pilot in a new time zone will resynchronise to this new time zone at a rate of about

2 - 2.5 hours a day

3 - 4.5 hours a day

1 - 1.5 hours a day

#98. The duration of a period of sleep is governed primarily by

the point within your circadian rhythm at which you try to sleep

the amount of time you have been awake

the number of points you have in your 'credit/deficit' system

#99. A high degree of cockpit automation may after the traditional tasks of the pilots in a way, that

it is guaranteed that the crew maintains always situational awareness

the attention of cockpit crew will become reduced with the consequence of 'being out of the loop'

the crew can pay more attention to solve the problem in an abnormal situation without monitoring the automatic systems

#100. Which of the following drawbacks are associated with automation? 1: Reduced in manually controlling the aircraft; 2: Increased likelihood of slips while programming automatic systems; 3: Difficulties in adapting to the use of a sidestick; 4: General decrease in technical reliability

2,3,4

1,3

1,2

#101. Attitudes are defined as:

tendencies to respond to people, institutions or events either positively or negatively

the conditions necessary for carrying out an activity

a synonym for behaviou

#102. Disturbance of the biological clock appears after a: 1: bad night's sleep; 2: day flight Delhi-London; 3: day flight Delhi-Colombo; 4: night flight London-Delhi

1,2 and 3 are correct

1 and 3 are correct

2nand 4 are correct

#103. Flying from Bengaluru to Moscow you will have a lay-over of 4 days. What time measure is relevant for your circadian rhythm on the 3rd day?

ZT (zonal time)

LT (local time)

UTC (universal time coordinated).

#104. Decompression leads to:

Hypoxia

Release of Nitrogen bubbles in the body

Instability of the aircraft

#105. Decompression sickness is pronounced when the aircraft decompresses:

from MSL to 7000 feet

from 7000 feet to 35000 feet

from MSL to 15000 feet

#106. Depth in vision is achieved through:

visual memory

peripheral vision

binocular vision

#107. What is the role of RBCs in blood?

flight foreign bacteria bodies

clot blood

transport oxygen

#108. Types of Hypoxia are:

stagnant hypoxia

anaemic hypoxia

both of these

#109. A person who smokes one packet of cigarettes a day will reduce his capacity to transport oxygen effectively by:

0.5% to 2%

5% to 8%

12% to 18%

#110. Cold clammy skin is indicative of

hypoxia

decompression sickness

hyperventilatin

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